Cleaning out a hard drive and came across a fragment from an old Ishikawa diagram. I use these to explore customers’ problem spaces with them. The original (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoru_Ishikawa) diagrams were organised in thematic groups: man, machine, process, materials which worked well for quality improvement in the car industry (I think he did the work at Toyota).
I’ll ask a team to write down what they think their problems are, then group them, then think about causal relationships. Sometimes there are clear clusters, sometimes not. But in almost every case, after doing this work you end up with a room full of colleagues with a common understanding of what needs fixing:-)